Pheonicia

I.1. Phoenicia (/fəˈnɪʃə/; from Ancient Greek: Φοινίκη, Phoiníkē) was a thalassocratic, ancient Semitic Mediterranean civilization that originated in the Levant, specifically Lebanon, but also including coastal Syria and north Palestine, in the west of the Fertile Crescent. Scholars agree that it was centered on the coastal areas of modern day Lebanon and included parts of what are now northern Israel and western Syria reaching as far north as Arwad, but the borders are difficult to define due to how far south it went, with a suggested border area being Ashkelon. Its colonies later reached the Western Mediterranean, such as Carthage in North Africa, and even the Atlantic Ocean, such as Cádiz in Spain. The civilization spread across the Mediterranean between 1500 BC and 300 BC. Phoenicia is an ancient Greek term used to refer to the major export of the region, dyed cloth Tyrian purple from the Murex mollusc, and referred to the major Canaanite port towns; not corresponding precisely to Phoenician culture as a whole as it would have been understood natively. Their civilization was organized in city-states, similar to those of ancient Greece, centered in modern Lebanon, of which the most notable cities were Tyre, Sidon, Arwad, Berytus, Byblos, and Carthage. Each city-state was a politically independent unit, and there is no archaeological evidence proving that the Phoenicians viewed themselves as a single nationality. In terms of archaeology, language, lifestyle, and religion there was little to set the Phoenicians apart as markedly different from other residents of the Levant. Around 1050 BC a Phoenician alphabet was used to record Phoenician, and from the 10th century BC, widely used writing systems, spread by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world, where it evolved and was assimilated by many other cultures, including the Roman alphabet used by Western civilization today. 20c. Afr. 12.1.219. 16°c, cold, 20c. little sun. From 17° heavy rain, 16°c cold. Wind. 25.12.19. 1 day Christmas.

2. The name Phoenicians, like Latin Poeni (adj. poenicus, later punicus), comes from Greek Φοῖνιξ (Phoiníx). The word φοῖνιξ phoinix meant variably "Phoenician person", "Tyrian purple crimson" or "date palm" and is attested with all three meanings already in Homer.[12] (The mythical bird phoenix also carries the same name but the meaning is not attested until centuries later.) The word may be derived from φοινός phoinós "blood-red",[13] itself possibly related to φόνος phónos "murder". It is difficult to ascertain which meaning came first, but it is understandable how Greek lexicographers may have associated the meanings of purple and dye with the merchants who traded both products. Robert S. P. Beekes has proposed a pre-Greek origin of the etymon.[14] One oldest attested form of the word in Greek may be the Mycenaean po-ni-ki, po-ni-ki, possibly borrowed from Ancient Egyptian fenkhu [15] (literally "carpenters", "workmen", "traders"; the term used to refer to the Syro-Canaanite region, which included Phoenicia and is well-known), although this derivation is disputed. He also notes the existence of φοῖνιξ with only mirrors that in Akkadian kinahhu, from which Latin "Canaan" to kinahhu "red-dyed wool".[16] Hebrew known as כְּנַעַן (Kenaʿan), equivalent to Canaanite. The common Canaanite identity was gradually differentiated into regional subgroups, of which the Phoenicians were one, so they continued to use Canaanite as one of their self-designations. Thus, much later, in the sixth century BC, Hecataeus of Miletus writes that Phoenicia was formerly called Χνα, a name that Philō of Byblos later adopted in his mythology as his eponym for the Phoenicians: "Khna who was afterwards called Phoinix". The ethnonym survived in North Africa until the fourth century AD (see Punic language). As late as the 4th century, an inscription by Augustine of Hippo, an African identified himself as Chanani. Conversely, the names of the inhabitants of most prominent Phoenician cities Tyre and Sidon could sometimes be used to refer to Phoenicians in general so that for instance the self-designation Sori, Tyrians, was used in Tripolitania. Phoenicia SEE × 𐤐𐤍𐤊 Phoenician Φοινίκη Phoiníkē Greek.

3. Phoenicia, Anc. Carthage, Ancient history of Cyprus. Wikip. Engl. 21.07, 20.20.20, Acc. Map of Phoenician (yellow) and Greek colonies (red) around 8th to 6th century BC.

Nota: The Phoenicians originally expanded from Canaan ports, by the 8th century dominating trade in the Mediterranean. Carthage was founded in 814 BC, and the Carthaginians by 700 BC had firmly established strongholds in Sicily, Italy and Sardinia, which created conflicts of interest with Etruria. A stela found in Kition, Cyprus commemorates victory of King Sargon II in 709 BC over the seven kings of the island, marking an important map for the transfer of Cyprus from Tyrian rule to the Neo-Assyrian Empire Map of Phoenician (in yellow) and Greek colonies (in red) around 8th to 6th century BC. See Phoenicia Canaan ports. The Phoenicians originally from Canaan ports, by the 8th century dominating trade in the Mediterranean. Carthage was founded in 814 BC, and the Carthaginians by 700 BC had firmly established strongholds in Sicily, Italy and Sardinia, which created conflicts of interest with Etruria. A stela found in Kition, Cyprus commemorates victory of King Sargon II in 709 BC over the seven kings of the island, marking an important map for the transfer of Cyprus from Tyrian rule to the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

4. In what modern state or religion today the sons of Israel are blamed for being criticized and life-threatening. In 5c. they are called democrat as co-nation of Romania, I am considered a Romanian thief. It's a joke ALL SAY. All discrimination begins with the irony of minorities. No one believes this in the super ignorant of Phoenician descent are more than ancient Canaan not Northern Israel and Lebanon.

II. Fenicia (Wikip. România onln). (în greaca antică: Φοινίκη, însemnând „țara palmierilor”) era o veche civilizație ce cuprindea nordul vechiului Canaan, și cu teritoriul principal de-a lungul coastei Libanului și Siriei și nordul Israelului din zilele noastre. Cultura feniciană era o cultură de navigatori și comercianți, ce a dominat Marea Mediterană între anii 1500 î.Hr. și 1200 î.Hr. și 900 î.Hr. Deși limitele sale erau dificil de stabilit, orașul Tir pare să fi existat de mai multe ori ca oraș fenician Sarpeta între Sidon și Tir, este cel mai notabil excavat din epoca bronzului. Orașele feniciene erau orașe-stat, fiecare cu o identitate și o creativitate bine. Încă mai există dezbateri pe tema identității fenicienilor. În jurul anului 1050 î.Hr. alfabetul fenician a fost folosit pentru a scrie feniciană și s-a răspândit în întreaga lume mediteraneană prin intermediul comercianților fenicieni. În jurul anului 800 î.Hr. alfabetul fenician a fost preluat de alte culturi care mai târziu au influențat alfabetul roman. În jurul anului 814 î.Hr. orașul Cartagina a fost fondat de fenicieni și a operat în Africa de vest. De asemenea, ei călătoreau spre Britania pentru a schimba diverse mărfuri pe costuri și argint.